The Importance of Human Approach to Educational Management

Course: Introduction to Educational Management and Planning Course code: PDE 113 By Morokake Dairo Question:The Importance of human approach to educational management The human relations movement developed in reaction against the formal tradition of classical models. The humans relations approach occurred in the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. Three early experiments were conducted to study the â€Å"relation of quality and quantity of illumination of efficiency.† It was concluded that employee output was not primarily related to lighting conditions, too many variables had not been controlled in the experiments. Although the human relations approach has been criticised for being too soft on the workers to†¦show more content†¦In any organisation, members do not like conflicts and misunderstandings. Therefore, managers should try to stop conflicts and misunderstandings among the members of the organisation. Workers want freedom. They do not want strict supervision. Therefore, managers should avoid strict supervision and control over the workers. Employees would like to participate in decision making, especially, in those matters affecting their interests. Therefore, management must encourage workers participation in management. This will increase productivity and job satisfaction. IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH TO EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT Motivation encourages out put and team work : Human relations in industrial or business settings lay emphasis on people rather than on money, material or machines. It implies that people interact better in an organized setting rather than in haphazard social contact. It indicates that managers are no longer the pushing or driving forces. Instead, their role is to help release and guide the inner drives of human beings, who, if properly motivated, are capable of producing an output greater than the sum of their inputs. Moreover, motivation directs people towards teamwork, such teamwork demands coordination and cooperation among all people engaged in the enterprise and without which results are seldom achieved. Through teamwork, human relations can accomplish both individual as well as organizational objectives. Thus, eachShow MoreRelatedEvaluating A Business Situation Within The Field Of Management1520 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In today’s business world, there are many existing research work in the management profession. This ranges on issues of good management practices to bad management which must be addressed for effective running of the organization. Unfortunately, one of such challenging issues are conflicts which can be controlled, but inevitable. It is phenomenal in any organization and can reduce the rate of production and employees’ performance. Employers spend a lot of timing trying to resolveRead MoreThe Field Of Educational Psychology856 Words   |  4 PagesSnowman, Jack (1997) defined educational psychology as a branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning. The field of educational psychology relies heavily on quantitative methods, including testing and measurementRead MoreIs Constructivism The Best Philosophy Of Education?887 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophies. Why not employ both to create the best educational system possible? We need the Objectivism approach in order to see the global perspective of educating children and we need the Constructivism approach in order to identify the details that are failing some students and bring a sense of humanity to the school system and eliminate the factory sense, which was embedded in the educational systems by Taylor s ideas on scientific management (Vrasidas, 2000, p.339-362). Therefore, This argumentRead MoreThe Growing Importance Of Ethical Business Managers942 Words   |  4 PagesThe Growing Importance of Ethical Business Managers Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw (2010) describe that the need for ethical business managers and practices has never been greater. Recent financial scandals have exposed issues in the management decision-making process, suggesting a need to develop the necessary analytical and empathetic qualities so future corporate leaders may be moral managers (Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw, 2010). This recent pattern of business misconduct (Michaelson, 2015) and single-mindedRead MoreCommunication: A Fundamental Part of the Early Childhood Teachers Role1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough open communication is a strategy that will benefit teachers, parents and most importantly, their students. Teachers must establish limits and expectations for students, not only in the classroom, but within individual lessons. Behaviour management is an essential skill that will be utilised regularly and will require a teacher to develop strategies for dealing with a variety of behaviours. Teachers are role models to their st udents, and this includes role modelling verbal and written communicationRead MoreRhode Island s Public Policy Guidelines Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pageseducation per student. Differences are identified in the management of the schools and the degree of state influence. 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Strategic Process - 970 Words

Figure 1 is an illustration of what constitutes the strategic process with each of the stages thoroughly investigated against internal and external factors of the organization. The formulation stage is critical in identifying a roadmap for an organization. At this stage, there are usually senior executives or policy makers. Once their work is complete the strategy is cascaded down for implementation usually to line managers and public officials in the case of policy decisions who implement according their understanding and interpretation of the main aims and objectives of the strategy. This second stage of the strategic process forms the basis for this study. The last stage of the strategic process is evaluation; an assessment of the†¦show more content†¦Further, the more people involved in the formulation could also result in strategies not being formulated at all as a result of competing interests and ideologies. In this regard, other tools of involvement should be utilized to ensure that there is at least a general acknowledgement of the core of the strategy by those who will be affected. The gap between formulation and implementation is that formulation tends to be done by senior management and that implementation is left to middle management to execute. For the senior management, â€Å"once strategy is set, interest among (them) fall rapidly away, implementation efforts pull up short, operational behaviours and short-term goals take over. The result is suboptimal performance; strategy becomes a bywork for top management away days.† Their disintrest gets lost not only because they do not want to be involved but also that they â€Å"lack the knowledge and skill to translate strategy into action† (Freedman: 26). This shortcoming results to their lack of coordination and supervision and they do not â€Å"adequately oversee the on-going actioning of the plan’s recommendations.† When it comes to implementation, top management not only fails to be involved but also does not provide the needed supporting structures such as â€Å"communication, resources and managerial support† (Simkin: 121-122). Alashloo, Castka and Sharp (2005) revealed that there are four impeders which play a critical role in the success or failure of the strategy.Show MoreRelatedStrategic Planning Process1039 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Planning – Week 1 Keyla (Bolin, Niu) Keiser University MKT531 Marketing Management Dr. Jeff Ritter 03/09/13 Strategic Planning Process Strategic planning is refers to the development of the organization’s long- term goals and put forward into practice (Peter, 2013). 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Consumer Behaviour in Online Shopping free essay sample

In recent years, with technological advancement and invention of internet, online shopping has become popular among consumers. As the online shopping has developed into a new medium of transaction, the numbers of cyber shoppers are increasing significantly (Hasslinger, Hodzic amp; Opazo 2007). The rapid increase is illustrated by the growth in the use of internet with a change in consumer behaviour (Oppenheim amp; Ward cited in Hasslinger, Hodzic amp; Opazo 2007). According to Tombs and Seamons (2013), the definition of consumer behaviour is â€Å"the buying behaviour of final consumers which consists of individuals and households that buy goods and services for personal consumption†. The model of buyer behaviour contains 3 parts: the environment, buyer’s black box, and buyer’s responses. And there are 4 aspects of factors influencing consumer behaviour: cultural (culture, cultural group, social class); social (reference group, family, roles and status); personal (age and life cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, personality and self-concept); psychological (motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes). In terms of online shopping, three main factors have been found to influence consumers purchasing behaviour. Firstly, based on personal influence, it is convenient for consumers. Generally, online shopping is available and accessible for customers all day long without having to worry about opening hours. Some companies have online customer services available 24 hours. Therefore, even after business hours, customers can seek assistance if they encounter any problems or have questions about the products. As such, customers often find shop from the website that is offering convenience can reduce their psychological costs (Prasad amp; Aryasri 2009). Secondly, based on social influence, Tombs and Seamon (2013) stated that reference groups can influence a persons attitudes or behaviour. Consumers tend to purchase goods online when there is a reference group, such as reviews from other customers. Besides the information that may be retrieved online, consumers can also benefit from products’ reviews by other customers which may provide further insight and help in the decision making. Thirdly, based on psychological attribute, the beliefs and attitudes of consumers, such as brand image and trust, play an important role in influencing consumers to purchase goods online . According to Hahn and Kim (2008), consumers tend to purchase goods online from brands they trust. The following paragraph will describe these influences by using the example of Amazon. , Amazon is an American multinational electronic commerce company. It is the worlds largest online retailer with separate retail websites for 10 countries providing international shipping. As mentioned earlier, one of the factors influencing consumers to purchase online is personal influence. The lifestyles of people in recent days give consumers more opportunities to access to e-commerce, which provided a premise for success of Amazon. Moreover, according to Tombs and Seamon (2013), a person has several needs in any particular time. When these needs are strong enough, they will become motivations. Compared with bricks-and-mortar stores, Amazon offers a convenient and flexible shopping process to consumers without limitations of time and where they are. That means Amazon can meet this motivation in time, but bricks-and-mortar stores cannot. Additionally, Wasserman (2009) notes consumers like to read what other consumers statement about the products they intend to buy. When people are shopping on Amazon, they can easily find customer reviews which shows other peoples views about products. Therefore, Amazon provides a reference group for its customer. Besides, Amazon also offers customers who bought this item also bought to consumers. Sometimes people just read a great book and want to read something similar, or they have to make dinner and dont have anything in mind (Wasserman 2009). By understanding this phenomenon, Amazon shows their affinity and drives new motivations for consumers. In another aspect, Amazon also uses their marketing programs to build beliefs and attitudes in customers mind. West (2005) notes Amazon has built a world-class distribution process to support its high-velocity on-line retail business. By this way, Amazon has created a great brand image to people and make them believe Amazon can offer them goods reliably and timely. To conclude, consumer behaviour aims to explore the series reflections of potential and actual buyers before, during and after purchasing actions. With the prevalence of Internet, e- commerce and the increasing requirements of consumers, online shopping has become a new medium of transaction. This article has described factors which affect consumer behaviour and illustrated it with the example of Amazon. The first factor is convenience. Amazon enables consumers to shopping online anywhere and anytime with cheaper goods where the Internet is available. Also, they can enjoy online consumer service if they have problems out of working hours. Secondly, reference groups. Potential buyers are offered to review other consumers statement about the products they intend to buy, which gives them more accurate information about the products. In addition, the idea of customers who bought this item also bought expands buyers alternatives to some extent. The last one would be beliefs and attitudes. Amazon does better in setting up good reputation and improving brand recognition among consumers. Overall, convenience, review and beliefs and attitudes are the main impacts on consumers choices. References Hahn, KH amp; Kim, J 2009, ‘The effect of of? ine brand trust and perceived internet con? dence on online shopping intention in the integrated multi-channel context’, International Journal of Retail amp; Distribution Management, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 126-141. Hassling, A, Hodzic, S amp; Opazo, C 2007,   Ã¢â‚¬ËœConsumer Behaviour in Online Shopping’, Thesis, Kristianstad University, Sweden. Prasad, C amp; Aryasri, A 2009, ‘Determinants of shopper behaviour in e-tailing: An empirical analysis’, Paradigm, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 73-83. Tombs, A amp; Seamons, O 2013, Foundations of Marketing, 2nd edn, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest. Wasserman, T 2009, ‘Why Cant Shopping Be Like Online Shopping? ’, Brandweek, vol. 50, no. 27, pp. 26-26. West, M 2005, ‘Amazon. Com Pursues Customer Satisfaction’, Chain Store Age, pp. 1-44A. Consumer Behaviour in Online Shopping In recent years, with technological advancement and invention of internet, online shopping has become popular among consumers. As the online shopping has developed into a new medium of transaction, the numbers of cyber shoppers are increasing significantly (Hasslinger, Hodzic amp; Opazo 2007). The rapid increase is illustrated by the growth in the use of internet with a change in consumer behaviour (Oppenheim amp; Ward cited in Hasslinger, Hodzic amp; Opazo 2007). According to Tombs and Seamons (2013), the definition of consumer behaviour is â€Å"the buying behaviour of final consumers which consists of individuals and households that buy goods and services for personal consumption†. The model of buyer behaviour contains 3 parts: the environment, buyer’s black box, and buyer’s responses. And there are 4 aspects of factors influencing consumer behaviour: cultural (culture, cultural group, social class); social (reference group, family, roles and status); personal (age and life cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, personality and self-concept); psychological (motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes). In terms of online shopping, three main factors have been found to influence consumers purchasing behaviour. Firstly, based on personal influence, it is convenient for consumers. Generally, online shopping is available and accessible for customers all day long without having to worry about opening hours. Some companies have online customer services available 24 hours. Therefore, even after business hours, customers can seek assistance if they encounter any problems or have questions about the products. As such, customers often find shop from the website that is offering convenience can reduce their psychological costs (Prasad amp; Aryasri 2009). Secondly, based on social influence, Tombs and Seamon (2013) stated that reference groups can influence a persons attitudes or behaviour. Consumers tend to purchase goods online when there is a reference group, such as reviews from other customers. Besides the information that may be retrieved online, consumers can also benefit from products’ reviews by other customers which may provide further insight and help in the decision making. Thirdly, based on psychological attribute, the beliefs and attitudes of consumers, such as brand image and trust, play an important role in influencing consumers to purchase goods online . According to Hahn and Kim (2008), consumers tend to purchase goods online from brands they trust. The following paragraph will describe these influences by using the example of Amazon. , Amazon is an American multinational electronic commerce company. It is the worlds largest online retailer with separate retail websites for 10 countries providing international shipping. As mentioned earlier, one of the factors influencing consumers to purchase online is personal influence. The lifestyles of people in recent days give consumers more opportunities to access to e-commerce, which provided a premise for success of Amazon. Moreover, according to Tombs and Seamon (2013), a person has several needs in any particular time. When these needs are strong enough, they will become motivations. Compared with bricks-and-mortar stores, Amazon offers a convenient and flexible shopping process to consumers without limitations of time and where they are. That means Amazon can meet this motivation in time, but bricks-and-mortar stores cannot. Additionally, Wasserman (2009) notes consumers like to read what other consumers statement about the products they intend to buy. When people are shopping on Amazon, they can easily find customer reviews which shows other peoples views about products. Therefore, Amazon provides a reference group for its customer. Besides, Amazon also offers customers who bought this item also bought to consumers. Sometimes people just read a great book and want to read something similar, or they have to make dinner and dont have anything in mind (Wasserman 2009). By understanding this phenomenon, Amazon shows their affinity and drives new motivations for consumers. In another aspect, Amazon also uses their marketing programs to build beliefs and attitudes in customers mind. West (2005) notes Amazon has built a world-class distribution process to support its high-velocity on-line retail business. By this way, Amazon has created a great brand image to people and make them believe Amazon can offer them goods reliably and timely. To conclude, consumer behaviour aims to explore the series reflections of potential and actual buyers before, during and after purchasing actions. With the prevalence of Internet, e- commerce and the increasing requirements f consumers, online shopping has become a new medium of transaction. This article has described factors which affect consumer behaviour and illustrated it with the example of Amazon. The first factor is convenience. Amazon enables consumers to shopping online anywhere and anytime with cheaper goods where the Internet is available. Also, they can enjoy online consumer service if they have problems out of working hours. Secondly, reference groups. Potential buyers are offered to review other consumers statement about the products they intend to buy, which gives them more accurate information about the products. In addition, the idea of customers who bought this item also bought expands buyers alternatives to some extent. The last one would be beliefs and attitudes. Amazon does better in setting up good reputation and improving brand recognition among consumers. Overall, convenience, review and beliefs and attitudes are the main impacts on consumers choices.